| pennsilfaanisch, pennsylvanish, "pennsylvania-german", 'pennsylvania-dutch', including (1) "old order" amish, part of "plain" pennsilfaanisch... (2) "old order" mennonite, part of "plain" pennsilfaanisch... (3) "fancy" pennsilfaanisch bilingual ◁ [52=] English ¶ migration from Rhineland and adjacent German-speaking areas (incl. Alsace, Swabia and Switzerland) from 1727 until 19th cent ; based on Südrheinfränkisch, with influence ◁ other traditional idioms, and with internal differences of idiom within the United States depending on the location and religious community concerned |